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Music + Technology + Random Nonsense from the Music Industry by Ethan Kaplan, VP Product, Live Nation

Death to the Shiny Disc

Here is a story:

Back at Warners I was in a meeting about “reintroducing” a band to the market, which basically means the last record was a stiff so we needed to “reboot” them. Not dissimilar to what Hollywood does to franchises.

A lot of ideas were floated around: vinyl singles, etc. My statement was “death to the shiny disc!” Basically, eliminate all physical, and go completely digital. Nothing was to be gained by putting out low margin product. This was four years ago. As you can imagine, that statement was met with some glares. I was pulled aside later and advised that the shiny disk still paid for my shiny servers. I didn’t use that catch phrase again.

And five years ago, I posted about what I would do if I bought a newspaper.

Both that post and the “death to the shiny disc” statement are rooted in one thing. Killing the cows.

The CD and the physical newspaper are now Nero playing the fiddle. They are viewed as the mountains that can’t move on the horizon: omnipresent, and sacred. But they shouldn’t be. The CD and physical retail are often pointed out to be that which props up the willingness and ability for record companies to experiment. But to what expense? And is that really true?

Consider for a moment the amount of supply chain management, staffing and processes in place just to produce a CD and get it out to third party retail. And consider the CD itself: a 74 minute bit conveyance mechanism that is pretty much disposable. They are often used just once: to rip the bits.

So in the end, the CD is this:

A once major source of high margin revenue which is now taking disproportionate back line expense to prop up, in order to justify the size of an industry which does not exist anymore. And even if that expense is not significant in hard numbers, the inertia it creates at the resultant diverted and stifled innovation sure is.

It’s time to kill it. Bring it out back and shoot it. And then really take a look at what is left.

When I look at what is left, I see a positive: the ability to transcend media with music products, no longer limited by the 74 minute disk. The ability to add value through art, through sound quality (vinyl or USB/digital distribution) and through multi-modal experiences. The ability to change the notion of what an album is. I also see a time when success is not judged on how many units were shipped by an artist (and resultant sell through), but rather how much money the artist made in net revenue across media. A world focused on ARPU and CAC rather than third party retail supply chain maintenance. A business in other words, and hopefully one that treats artists fairly through accountable representation.

I don’t think this movement is going to happen by choice either. How many planogram iterations will it take until Best Buy or Target eliminate CD’s all together? Or just keep them as end-caps for NOW compilation and Disney pop hits? Two holiday seasons? One? There are no more record stores anymore, save for Indies, and I argue they still have a place for higher end (non CD) content. There are no more Borders Books and Music. And there is much more money to be made in direct-to-fan/consumer retail than there is in third party, if the companies are oriented toward behaving as retailers in staffing expertise and workflow.

And there in lies the issue: orientation. The music business has often, in the last ten years, not operated as a business. It has operated as a simulation of a business that once existed. The reality is, much as newspapers are having to face the fact that there are digital dimes to physical pennies; music companies are going to have the face the fact that when you stack the dimes, it isn’t going to be the sky scraper it once was. There are valiant efforts toward this future in every major, but not as well staffed or funded or universal as they should be.

The adage of Web 2.0 was that small, nimble and enterprising beats large, inertial and enterprise. Every time a company got too big and couldn’t change rapidly, smaller companies would “disrupt” the space by being able to pivot rapidly and course correct easily. Essentially the current stage in the resurgence of technology innovation is born by companies refusing to believe things were immutable, and instead presupposing that entrenchment has driven stasis. Industries long for the days that once were: 15 billion dollar businesses with high margins off 18 dollar product is one such longing. 85% marketing penetration with little year over year churn was another (for newspapers).

And for a lot of people, longing for a time long gone is more comfortable, and easier, and more profitable in the selfish sense than reducing salary down to a dollar and going for broke to change. It’s much easier to keep the cow alive and fed than to kill it. Killing it is sad, scary and irreversible.

But die it must. And it will be a freeing day once it happens. The music industry won’t be the same and it won’t be as big. Many other sacred cows — label imprints, multiple subsidiary companies with independent staffs, multiple offices, separate A&R staffs, to name but a few — might die. But it will be an industry, and a business and revert back to being about talent and artistry instead of fear. About discovery and passion rather than past tense myopia. An actual business rather than a hollow nostalgic simulation.

I remember vividly the promise that the first CD I bought contained. I remember the metal finish on my Sony Discman, the accouterment products I bought to maintain my CD library. And I remember the thrill, just five years ago of seeing my name in the liner notes of a CD I worked on, of getting the first box of CD’s of a new release in the  WEA box and the thrill of Soundscan on Wednesday as a measure of our success as a company.

I will mourn the shiny disk, but celebrate the elevation and freeing of what it contains when it dies.

The Death of the Album and Birth of Release

 

Last week marked  the release of an album I have been associated with in some form for two years now. That doesn’t mean that I had anything to do with its creation, just that I was associated with it. To that regard, I was there for mixing, marketing and release. The record is from a group of people collectively known as R.E.M.

I predict it is the last “Album” they will release.

In fact, I predict that 2011 is the last year of the Album (capital A).

In the press right now, Michael Stipe is talking about the 12 videos (or films) he is having made for the record, one per song. In his press quotes he describes the videos as representing to him the concept of what an album is and could be in the 21st century. During recording, he and I spoke somewhat about the nature of what it means to make a “record” and what that entails. As part of this discussion, and thinking about ideas for what we could do to break the mold (the video project, an app, something on the web), I started outlining the evolution of what I considered an album since I started buying them.

Chronologically:

R.E.M. – Green: the first CD that I ever purchased. It was mystery, and it represented things I hadn’t heard mixed with things I had (Stand, Pop Song ’89). My exposure to the band was through MTV and this record, and various articles. The visual identity of the band was defined by the art which carried over to the videos (black and white) and stage performance (yellow, orange, Michael’s awful hair cut).

R.E.M. – Out of Time / Automatic for the People: The first time the introduction to the record was visual. In the case of Out of Time, the “Losing My Religion” video, which I think got as much airplay for the WTF factor as it did because it was awesome. Automatic for the People: introduced through a teaser on MTV before the video music awards in 1992. 15 seconds of “Drive,” with the video of Michael crowd surfing.

R.E.M. Monster – A piece in 1993 that was about what R.E.M. was up to (in LA, recording). Then Michael popped into AOL to chat with fans. The first video/audio was again an MTV teaser, this time of “What’s the Frequency, Kenneth?” This record was as much about the “package” of the band, the message, the identity as it was the music. Somehow the record came to be defined as about sex, sexuality, gender bending and such rather than what it really was about, revealed in the alternate title “Yes, I am Fucking With You”

And so on.

As each Album progressed, the things that defined it started becoming external to the music. This was driven in part by MTV and the press, but also in part by the band and their willingness to treat the concept of an Album as also a chance for rebranding. The hint of what was to come was in Michael’s visit to AOL. The real thing started bleeding through.

Every record since has gone on this trajectory: the music sitting along side, and sometimes behind the concept. Always informing, but less as the center.

This leads me to the now. I worked on five albums for R.E.M. at Warner Bros Records. In the course of this here is how I now define an Album (capital A):

  • Branding: an album serves as a tent pole around which to rebrand a band. Logos, type faces, color, visual identites. This also applies to non-visual things such as: message, statement, platform, etc.
  • Visuals: both with and without music, related closely to branding
  • The Hook: something that serves as the tweet worthy summation of what this Album is aiming at
  • The Angle: a unique method or action which serves as an easy method for someone to write about the record
  • The Timeline: the sequence of events and windowing of releases culminating to…
  • The Release: Not the end game, but rather a stop along the way
  • The Music: Can’t forget about this? Or can you?

The last part, “The Music” is broken down into:

  • Mainline Release: the 12 or so songs that make up the bundle known as The Record
  • The Primary Record: the default release of those 12 or so songs
  • The Auxiliary Music: everything outside of those 12 songs: b-sides, demos, live tracks, etc. They contribute to…
  • The Premium Record: bundling of other content to justify higher price points

Along side this are other types of auxiliary content:

  • The Videos: music videos and lyric videos
  • Auxiliary Visuals: Interviews, EPK, Live in Studio footage.
  • Photos: Photos held as exclusives and non-exclusives. Dolled out like Pokemon cards
  • Art: The high res complete album art, as well as the visual “stems” to make other art pieces (banners, IAD ad units, etc)
  • Style Guide: colors, type faces and approved look/feels

And then the releases:

  • Standard Physical – the main release, eco-pack, jewel case or digipack
  • Premium Package (Physical) – what TopSpin specializes in marketing
  • Standard Digital – The 9.99 on iTunes release
  • Premium Digital – The 14.99 on iTunes, uses elements of auxiliary content
  • Retail Partner Release – Starbucks, Best Buy, Target?
  • Direct to Consumer Release – optional, and getting more rare. Usually a step up from the Premium Package (Physical)
  • Singles – mostly for international markets
  • App – sometimes, album-as-app hasn’t caught on too well yet

OK then. That is a lot that constitutes an “Album.”

In fact, try to find the typical definition of an album in that mix? Is it the 12 song release? Or the 16? Physical or digital? Stream or paid download?

Was it released when all tracks were to market (one week prior to release), when the album was off security (and therefore leaked) or when it was on store shelves?

What do you review as the album? What figure attached to these do you use to judge success? Soundscan? Streams? Twitter mentions?

I posit that we are in a post album universe. The Album itself is anachronistic and has evolved into a place where it is a tent pole for cyclic branding rather than an encapsulated piece of art. Some bands might choose to keep the album as an atomic entity (ie, Radiohead), but to me it almost seems anachronistic. Ultimately, my view is that bands need to take the concept of an album and move toward the concept of a Release, in the software sense.

In that case, here are my rules for a Release:

  • Announce the release when it is ready to ship. Lead times should be at most 4 weeks from announcement to “in hands”
  • Self-direct all publicity and promotion. Own the visual language/identity, own the messaging.
  • Fans matter more than radio stations, website exclusives, etc. Giving a video to the NY Times ahead of your own YouTube won’t get you a good review: don’t do it.
  • Hear it and buy it: don’t put anything up to hear, watch or experience if it can’t be purchased. Reward loyalty for your fans through exclusives.
  • Make your fans product evangelists. Everyone wants an iPad because everyone they know wants one or has one. Make your release so amazing that you want to tell the world about it.
  • Own your press: disintermediate, be selective with interviews and use the channels at your disposal (video, twitter, etc)
  • Make it an event. Time it properly, make all messaging unified and coordinated.
  • Let the Release define itself: if you can’t summarize it in one sentence, keep winnowing it down until you can. It might be an app, a collection of songs, a video album, etc. Study this page.

And of course, make something of quality. Strive for perfection down to the pixel level for visuals, and timbre level for audio. Don’t let “well enough” suffice.

Every release might be your last, and in the best case scenario could define the rest of your career and be seen as a high watermark for everything you do. Treat it as such.